Rhamnaceae . . . . . Buckthorn family

Image on L. below shows difference between Frangula alnus (Alder buckthorn - lower leaf) and Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn - upper leaf):

N.B. Both have the characteristic diverging leaf veins of Rhamnaceae

Frangula . . . . . Alder buckthorn

Locally common primarily in W of En and Wa

Locally common in En, scttered elsewhere

Mediterranean buckthorn (R. alaternus), non-spiny with smaller lvs, 5 sepals but 0 petals is naturalised in a few places (e.g. Wa)